Overdrafts: Overview, definition, and example
What are overdrafts?
Overdrafts occur when a bank account balance drops below zero, meaning the account holder has spent more money than is available. This typically happens when a bank allows transactions to be processed even if there are insufficient funds, often resulting in overdraft fees or interest charges. Overdrafts can be authorized (pre-approved by the bank) or unauthorized (when the account holder exceeds their limit without prior approval).
For example, if a business checking account has a balance of $500 but a payment of $700 is processed, the account will have an overdraft of $200. Depending on the bank’s policy, the business may be charged an overdraft fee or be required to cover the negative balance immediately.
Why are overdrafts important?
Overdrafts can provide short-term liquidity for individuals and businesses, allowing transactions to go through even when funds are temporarily insufficient. However, frequent overdrafts can lead to high fees, interest charges, and potential financial strain if not managed properly.
For businesses, including overdraft clauses in agreements helps clarify liability, repayment terms, and the bank’s rights in the event of an overdraft. Without clear terms, disputes may arise over whether the bank must honor overdrafts or how quickly they must be repaid.
Understanding overdrafts through an example
Imagine a retail business that accidentally withdraws more than its available balance due to an unexpected vendor charge. The bank covers the overdraft amount but charges the business an overdraft fee of $35. The business must repay the negative balance along with any additional fees.
In another scenario, a corporate banking agreement includes an overdraft protection clause. This allows the company to link its checking account to a line of credit, automatically covering overdrafts without incurring fees, as long as the borrowed amount is repaid within 30 days.
Example of an overdrafts clause
Here’s how an overdrafts clause might appear in a contract:
“If an overdraft occurs on the Account, the Account Holder agrees to repay the overdraft amount, along with any applicable fees or interest, within [X] days. The Bank reserves the right to decline transactions that would result in an overdraft unless overdraft protection has been arranged in advance.”
Conclusion
Overdrafts allow transactions to be completed even when funds are insufficient, but they can lead to fees and repayment obligations. Properly managing overdrafts helps businesses maintain cash flow while avoiding unnecessary financial penalties.
By including an overdrafts clause in banking or financial agreements, businesses can clarify liability, define repayment terms, and ensure compliance with banking policies.
This article contains general legal information and does not contain legal advice. Cobrief is not a law firm or a substitute for an attorney or law firm. The law is complex and changes often. For legal advice, please ask a lawyer.