Random testing: Overview, definition, and example
What is random testing?
Random testing refers to unannounced checks or assessments—usually drug or alcohol tests—done on employees or participants, selected at random, without advance notice. The idea is that no one knows when or who will be tested, which helps ensure compliance and discourage risky or prohibited behavior.
This kind of testing is common in workplaces where safety is a top priority, like transportation, construction, or manufacturing—but it can also apply to other regulated industries or company policies.
Why is random testing important?
Random testing helps businesses create safer, more accountable environments—especially when employee performance can affect public safety or team well-being. It’s also a strong deterrent: when people know testing could happen at any time, they’re less likely to engage in behavior that violates company policy or the law.
For employers, random testing can also show regulators or insurers that you’re taking proactive steps to manage risk. But it has to be handled fairly and legally—using neutral selection methods and following privacy and employment laws—to avoid claims of discrimination or misuse.
Understanding random testing through an example
Let’s say you run a delivery company with drivers operating vehicles every day. To reduce the risk of accidents, your employee handbook includes a random drug and alcohol testing policy.
Each month, a computer system randomly selects a few drivers for testing. No one knows in advance who will be picked or when. This helps ensure that all drivers stay alert and follow safety guidelines, because there’s always a chance they could be tested.
If a selected employee refuses or fails the test, your policy outlines the steps—such as suspension, retesting, or termination.
An example of a random testing clause
Here’s how a random testing clause might appear in a workplace policy or contract:
“The Company reserves the right to conduct random drug and alcohol testing of employees in safety-sensitive positions. Selection shall be made through a neutral, computerized process, and testing will be carried out in accordance with applicable laws and privacy regulations. Refusal to submit to testing or a positive result may lead to disciplinary action, up to and including termination.”
Conclusion
Random testing is a way to protect people, property, and your business reputation—especially in industries where safety matters most. It encourages responsible behavior and helps identify problems early, before they lead to accidents or liability.
If you include random testing in your policies, make sure the rules are clear, fair, and legally compliant. It’s not just about catching issues—it’s about creating a culture of safety and trust across your team.
This article contains general legal information and does not contain legal advice. Cobrief is not a law firm or a substitute for an attorney or law firm. The law is complex and changes often. For legal advice, please ask a lawyer.